matilda
الـمـديــر الــعــام
 | | موضوع: قل ولا تقل - أخطاء شائعة في الإنجليزية الجمعة ديسمبر 30, 2011 11:30 am | |
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Don't say: It's eight fifteen o'clock.
Say: It's eight fifteen.
الجملة الأولى خطأ لأنها تعني: 815 ساعة.
و المراد كما توضحه الجملة الثانية: الثامنة و الربع.
حينما تود التعبير عن أن المعطف مفتوق - به شق -
Don't say: Your coat is broken.
Say: Your coat is torn.
حينما تريد التعبير عن أن علي لم يخطئ
Don't say: Ali didn't make a fault anyway.
Say: Ali didn't make a mistake anyway.
حينما تريد القول: هل لديك مانع من إرسال هذه الرسالة فلا تقل:
Don't say: Would you mind posting this letter for me?
لأن المعنى حينها يكون: هل تمانع بترحيل هذه الرسالة ؟
Say: Would you mind mailing this letter for me?
حينما تريد القول: أصبح بخير فلا تقل:
Don't Say: He becomes better.
لأن المعنى حينها يكون: تحوّل إلى الأفضل.
Say: He got better.
حينما تريد القول: لدينا اختبار سمعيّ غدا فلا تقل:
Don't Say: We'll have a hearing test tomorrow.
فالمعنى هنا سيكون ( لدينا اختبار نسمع به غدا)
Say: We'll have a listening test tomorrow
و المعنى هنا صحيح ( لدينا اختبار سمعيّ غدا )
من الخطأ القول:
She speaks English very good
بل الصحيح:
She speaks English very well
لأن كلمةgood هي صفة و لا يمكن استخدامها محل الحال well
أما إذا كان المراد وصف اللغة نفسها فيجب تغيير ترتيب الجملة إلى
She speaks very good English
من الخطأ القول:
The man was absorbed at his work
والصحيح:
The man was absorbed in his work
معنى الجملة : كان الرجل منهمكا في عمله
absorbed in = منهمك في
كلمة absorbed يستخدم معها حرف الجر in وليس at
من الخطأ القول:
He laughed on me
والصحيح:
He laughed at me
لأن الكلمة laughed يستخدم معها حرف الجر at
من الخطأ القول:
Khaled is afraid from the snake
والصحيح:
Khaled is afraid of the snake
كلمة afraid والتي معناها خائف تأخذ حرف الجر of وليس from
afraid of = خائف من
من الخطأ القول
She studies us biology
والصحيح:
She teaches us biology
لأن الفعل teach معناه أن شخصا ما يعلّمك و إنك تتلقى العلم منه
أما study معناه الذهاب إلى مكان لتلقي العلم ونحن نتحدث عن المعلمة
من الخطأ القول:
She accused the man for stealing
والصحيح:
She accused the man of stealing
معنى الجملة : هي اتهمت الرجل بالسرقة
accuse somebody of something =يتهم شخصا بشيء ما
الفعل accuse الذي معناه يتهم يأخذ حرف الجر of وليس for
note: the verb charge takes the preposition with
for example : She charged the man with stealing
معنى الملاحظة هذه: هو أن الفعل charge والذي يأتي أيضا بمعنى يتهم يستخدم معه حرف الجر with
ترجمة المثال : هي اتهمت الرجل بالسرقة. فهذا المثال له نفس معنى المثال السابق إلا إننا استخدمنا في هذا المثال فعل مختلف وحرف الجر المناسب له.
من الخطأ القول:
...the advantage using a computer
والصحيح:
...the advantage of using a computer
لأن حرف الجر of ضروري لإتمام معنى الجملة وبنائها بالشكل الصحيح من الخطأ القول:
Rice needs plenty water
والصحيح:
Rice needs plenty of water
التفسير: لنفس السبب السابق من الخطأ القول:
The teacher was angry against Ahmad
والصحيح:
The teacher was angry with/at Ahmad
معنى الجملة : كان المدرس غاضبا من أحمد.
with / at = تعنيانك لو استخدمت حرف الجر with أو at فكلاهما صحيح ولكن لا يجوز استخدامهم معا.
ملاحظة : إذا كنت أنت غاضب من شخص فان لك الخيار أن تستخدم حرفي الجر at أو with مع كلمة angry
أما إذا كنت غاضبا من شي وعندما أقول شيء فاقصد بذلك كل شيء ماعدا الإنسان فانك تستخدم حرفي الجر at أو about لنأخذ المثال التالي:
The passengers are angry at/ about the delay of the flightمعنى المثال السابق: المسافرون غاضبون من تأجيل الرحلة.
من ذلك نستنتج إن حرف الجر at يستخدم مع كلمة angry سواء استخدمت هذه الكلمة مع إنسان أو شيء
أما حرف الجر with فهو يستخدم معها إذا استخدمت مع إنسان وحرف الجر about إذا استخدمت مع شيء.
من الخطأ القول:
I am glad the news are good
والصحيح:
I am glad the news is good
لأن كلمة news مفردة وليس كما يعتقد البعض أنها جمع و إذا أردنا الإشارة إلى خبر فإننا نقول
A piece or an item of news
- الجمل الصحيحة ستجد بجانبها علامة√
والجمل الخاطئة ستجد بجانبها علامةx
No 2: a lot of
x She makes us do a lots of homework
√ She makes us do a lot of homework
√ She makes us do lots of homework
a lot of, or lots of WITHOUT a
No 3: above
x There were above a hundred people in the crowd
√ There were over a hundred people in the crowd
Don't use above with numbers (unless referring to points on a scale): ' He is over eighty years of age,' 'I receive over twenty letters a day,' But 'Don't let the temperature get above thirty degrees,'
No 4: above-mentioned
x I would be grateful if you would send it to the address above-mentioned
√ I would be grateful if you would send it to the above-mentioned address
Above-mentioned ALWAYS comes before the noun it modifies: 'above-mentioned person', 'above-mentioned company',
No 5: absent
x The sales manager was absent at the meeting
√ The sales manager was absent from the meeting
absent from, not at
x I went to her house at four o'clock but she was absent
√ I went to her house at four o'clock but she wasn't in
absent = not present at something that you're supposed to attend: absent from school
No 6: Accept
x These people accept to take risks in order to succeed
√ These people accept the need to take risks in order to succeed
x The company will not accept to buy new machines
√ The company will not agree to buy new machines
We accept a person's advice, opinion, or suggestion
But agree to do something. Compare: 'I accepted her suggestion and agreed to see the doctor that evening'
x To tell you the truth, I can't accept people who think about money all the time
√ To tell you the truth, I can’t stand/bear/abide people who think about money all the time
can’t stand/bear/abide = can’t tolerate
No 7: accommodation
x I can’t find the right accomodation
√ I can’t find the right accommodation
accommodation (double c, double m)
√ Accommodation in london are very expensive AmE
√ Accommodation in London is very expensive
In British English accommodation (= a place to live or spend the night) is always uncountable. In American English it can be countable
No 8: accord
x People think he resigned on his own accord
√ People think he resigned of his own accord
of your own accord, NOT on
No 9: according to
x According to me, we should spend more money on education
√ In my opinion, we should spend more money on education
According to can’t be followed by me or for
No 10: accuse
x Some unemployed men accuse women for taking their jobs
√ Some unemployed men accuse women of taking their jobs
accuse someone of something, not for
No 11: ac******ed
x Having lived in England for two years, I’m now ac******ed myself to the cold weather
√ Having lived in England for two years, I’m now ac******ed to the cold weather
be/grow ac******ed to something or ac****** yourself to something
Compare: ‘He soon grew ac******ed to the harsh working conditions.’ ,‘He soon ac******ed himself to the harsh working conditions,’
Note that more informal alternative ‘He soon got used to the harsh working conditions. ’
x It took me six months to get ac******ed with the climate
√ It took me six months to get ac******ed to the climate
get accustomed to something not with
x Where I come from, we’re not ac******ed to see so many things in the shops
√ Where I come from, we’re not ac******ed to seeing so many things in the shops
be ac******ed to + v-ing
No 12: actual
x We’d like to know more about the actual crisis, not the economic problems of the past
√ We’d like to know more about the present/current crisis, not the economic problems of the past
actual = real (as opposed to ‘guessed’, ‘supposed , etc.’): ‘People think he is over fifty but his actual age is forty-eight.’
present/current = happening or existing now
No 13: actually
x We need to produce and export more than we do actually
√ We need to produce and export more than we do at present
actually = strange as it may seem; in fact (despite what is said or thought): ‘People think we’ve got lots money, but actually we’re very poor.’
At present = now
No 14: address
x I'll give you my adress
√ I'll give you my address
address (Double D
No 15: advice
x I advised him to tell the police
√ I advised him to tell the police
Advice is a noun
Advice is a verb
x She gave me a good advice
√ She gave me some good advice
Advice is an uncountable noun
Note the alternative: ' She gave me a good piece of advice'
No 16: advise
x I asked my lawyer for her advise
√ I asked my lawyer for her advice
Advise is a verb
Advice is a noun
No 17: affair
x There's a new affair in the middle of Helsinki which sells them
√ There's a new shop in the middle of Helsinki which sells them
affair = a thing, matter, or happening: 'The murder of the politician was a terrible affair
No 18: affect
x It's a magazine about computers and their affects on your lives
√ It's a magazine about computers and their effects on your lives
Affect (with a) is a verb. To affect something is to have an effect on it :'Smoking affects your health.' (= Smoking has an effect on your health).
No 19: afford
x A newspaper can be a afforded by most people
√ Most people can afford a newspaper
afford is rarely used in passive
x My father couldn't afford paying for my education
√ My father couldn't afford to pay for my education
afford (to do) something
x My father couldn't afford himself to lend me any money
√ My father couldn't afford to lend me any money
Afford isn't a reflexive verb (reflexive means showing that the action of the verb affects the person who performs the action e.g. he cut himself, cut is a reflexive verb and himself is a reflexive pronoun) definition from Oxford dictionary
x I want to get my coat back because I can’t afford the money for a new one
√ I want to get my coat back because I can’t afford (to buy) a new one
Money is rarely used as an object of afford
No 20: afraid
x The road to the airport was very busy and we were afraid to miss the plane
√ The road to the airport was very busy and we were afraid of missing the plane
Be afraid to do something = be unwilling to do something because you’re frightened : ‘She was afraid to eat in case it was poisonous’.
Be afraid of doing something = be worried or anxious about something which might happen
No 21: after
x The flight had been very pleasant until a man sitting after me started to shout
√ The flight had been very pleasant until a man sitting behind me started to shout
after = following in time or order: ‘I’ll see you after lunch.’ ‘Remember to put a full stop after the last word.’
Behind = at the back of
x After a week we’re going to Italy
√ In a week’s time we’re going to Italy
In a week OR in a week’s time = after or at the end of a week
x Most of the people on the bus were after sixty
√ Most of the people on the bus were over sixty
The preposition over is used with ages (and numbers) to mean more than
x I promised to meet Hitomi at the exhibition a week after
√ I promised to meet Hitomi at the exhibition a week later
The use of after as an adverb (in place of later) is very colloquial (colloquial= informal) and is likely to be regarded as non-standard by careful user
√ AmE A police car arrived within minutes and soon after, an ambulance came
√ BrE A police car arrived within minutes and soon afterwards, an ambulance came
In British English the use of after as an adverb (in place of afterwards) is common in informal usage but is regarded by careful users as non-standard
√ After you’ll leave, we will write to you every day
√ After you leave/have left, we will write to you every day
After is followed by the present simple tense (or present perfect) for future reference, NOT shall/will + verb
No 22: after all
x After all, I’d like to thank you all for coming here today
√ Finally, I’d like to thank you all for coming here today
Use after all when (1) you want to introduce an idea which seems to contradict something which has been said before: ‘They had planned to go by train, but they went by car after all’ (2) you want to remind someone of a fact which they should consider: ‘I’m not surprised you’re tired. After all, you were working all night.’ Remember that we use finally to conclude so finally = to conclude
No 23: afternoon
x The afternoon I met them at the hotel and we went to the beach
√ In the afternoon I met them at the hotel and we went to the beach
In the morning/afternoon/evening
Compare: the next afternoon I met them again
x On the afternoon we have two hours of classes
√ In the afternoon we have two hours of classes
When talking about a particular afternoon, use on
When speaking generally, use in: on the afternoon/morning/evening of 3rd July BUT in the evening/morning/afternoon
No 24: age
x I met a group of youngsters at my age in Trafalgar square
√ I met a group of youngsters (of) my own age in Trafalgar square
(of) my own age, NOT at
No 25: agenda
x In the left-hand pocket you will find a little red agenda that I need urgently
√ In the left-hand pocket you will find a little red diary that I need urgently
agenda = a list of topics for discussion at a meeting
diary = a book in which a person writes appointments or things to be remembered
No 26: ages
x The glasses haven’t been washed since ages
√ The glasses haven’t been washed for ages
remember that we use since for beginning a period but for is used length of a period
No 27: ago
x It’s a month ago since I left Germany
√ It’s a month since I left Germany
Don’t use ago before since
x I’m writing in reply to your letter that I’ve received two days ago
√ I’m writing in reply to your letter that I received two days ago
The present perfect tense is NOT used with words showing past time such as yesterday, last week, a year ago
x The inspector asked to see his ticket, as I had done a few minutes ago
√ The inspector asked to see his ticket, as I had done a few minutes before
Ago is used of a period in the past that is measured from the present moment
Before is used of a period that is NOT measured from the present
A few minutes ago = before now
A few minutes before = before then
x The accident happened at ten years ago
√ The accident happened ten years ago
Don’t use at to introduce a time expression with ago
No 29: agreed
x We were both agreed with him
√ We both agreed with him
Agreed can’t be used as an adjective when it’s followed by with. Compare: ‘When it comes to the question of finance, we’re all agreed.’ = have the same opinion
No 30: aid
x Many more will die unless there is an increase in foreign aids
√ Many more will die unless there is an increase in foreign aid
Aid = support or help and it’s an uncountable noun
No 31: aim
x I started to learn English with the aim to become a teacher
√ I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher
With the aim of + v-ing
Note however: ‘My aim is to become a teacher.’
x Everybody should be given the chance to reach their aims
√ Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims
achieve an aim, NOT reach
No 32: alive
x Every alive creature in the sea is affected by pollution
√ Every living creature in the sea is affected by pollution
Alive is the opposite of dead
Living is the opposite of non-living
Alive always follows the noun it modifies: ‘Some of the fish in the boat were still alive.’
x Our teacher, Mr Collins, is very alive
√ Our teacher, Mr Collins, is very lively
Alive = not dead = it’s rarely modified
Lively= full of energy and action
No 33: all
x I like all the kinds of music
√ I like all kinds of music
Don’t use the after all when the reference is general. Compare: ‘I like all kinds of fruit.’(general reference) ‘I like all the kinds of fruit that my wife likes’ specific reference
x We all were delighted when we heard the news
√ We were all delighted when we heard the news
x We all must try to find a solution to the problem
√ We must all try to find a solution to the problem
All usually goes immediately after the (first) auxiliary verb :‘You should all pass the exam if you work hard.’ ‘They have all been working hard.’ When there’s no auxiliary verb, all is placed immediately before the main verb: ‘They all passed the exam.’ However, when the main verb is be, all is placed immediately after it: ‘The letters are all on your desk.’
x All of us didn’t want to go to bed
√ None of us wanted to go to bed
Use none of with an affirmative verb, NOT all of with a negative verb
x I was alone in the house as all my parents were at work
√ I was alone in the house as bot of my parents were at work
all is used for three or more people or things
both is used for two people or things
x if you sit down and listen, I will explain all the situation
√ if you sit down and listen, I will explain the whole situation
x he spent all the journey talking about accidents
√ he spent the whole/entire journey talking about accidents
all is rarely used with the singular form of a countable noun. Compare: ‘All the walls have been painted green.’ (plural) ‘The whole wall has been painted green’(singular
Boast of or about not for.
Do not say: he boasted for his strength.
Say :he boasted of or(about) his strength.
Careful of ,with, about not for.
Do not say: she is very careful for her health.
Say: she is very careful of or about her health.
Or say: you should be more careful with your money.
Note: take care of. He takes care of his money.
Travel by train, etc., not with train, etc.
Don’t say: he travelled with the train.
Say: he travelled by train yesterday.
Note : we say by train, by boat, by plane, by bike, also by land by sea, by air , by bus, in a bus, or on a bus, by car or in a car , by taxi or in a taxi, on horse –back, on a donkey ,on a bicycle, on foot.
Complain about not for
Don’t say: he complained for the weather.
Say: he complained about weather.
Note : when talking about illness we use complain of. We say: she complained of a sore throat.
Composed of not form.
Don’t say: our class is composed from thirty students.
Say: our class is composed of thirty students.
Confidence in not to.
Don’t say: I have great confidence to you.
Say: I have great confidence in you.
Note: in confidence: let me tell you something in confidence = (as a secret)
Conform to, not with.
Don’t say: we must conform with the rules.
Say: we must conform to the rules.
Note: comply takes with: we’ll comply with your request.
Congratulate on not for.
Don’t say: I congratulate you for your success.
Say: I congratulate you on your success.
Consist of not from.
Don’t say: A year consist from twelve months.
Say: A year consist of twelve months.
Note: take great care never to use consist in passive form.
Covered with not by.
Don’t say: the mountains are covered by snow.
Say: the mountains are covered with snow.
Cure of not from.
Don’t say: the man was cured from his illness.
Say: the man was cured of his illness.
Note: the noun cure takes for: there is no cure for his disease.
Depend on or upon not from.
Don’t say: it depends from her.
Say it depends on or upon her.
Note: rely on or upon: I can’t rely on or upon him.
Deprive of not from.
Don’t say: Nelson Mandela was deprived from his freedom.
Say: Nelson Mandela was deprived of his freedom.
Die of an illness not from an illness.
Don’t say: many people died from malaria.
Say: many people died of malaria.
Note: people die of illness, of huger, of thirst, of or from wounds, from overwork, by violence, by the sword, by pestilence, in battle, for their country, for a cause, through neglect, on the scaffold at the stake.
Different from not than
Don’t say: my book is different than yours.
Say: my book is different from yours.
Disappointed by, about or at not from.
(a) By /at/about:
Don’t say: Eyad was disappointed from the low mark he got in the test.
Say: Eyad was disappointed by /at /about the low mark he got in the test.
(b) with/in:
Don’t say: he was disappointed from his son.
Say: he was disappointed with or in his son.
Note: Before a person we use with or in, before a thing we use at, about or by and before a gerund we use at : Keith is very disappointed at not winning the prize. We use that (optional before a new clause): I was disappointed that I did not get an invitation.
Divide into parts not in parts.
Don’t say: I divided the cake in four parts.
Say: I divided the cake into four parts.
Note: A thing may be divided in half or in two: Paul divided the apple in half or two
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ommar39
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| | موضوع: رد: قل ولا تقل - أخطاء شائعة في الإنجليزية الجمعة ديسمبر 30, 2011 1:14 pm | |
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